Fascitis necrotizante y síndrome del shock tóxico por Streptococcus pyogenes tras inyección intramuscular / Necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes after intramuscular injection

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Seroconversión a IgG4 en un paciente con brucelosis crónica con focalidad biliar / No disponible

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Mycobacterium simiae pulmonary infection unmasked during immune reconstitution in an HIV patient.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients may trigger the onset of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Among HIV patients with IRIS, infections are commonly due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria. We report the first case in Spain and the second in Europe of Mycobacterium simiae pulmonary infection unmasked during immune reconstitution in an HIV patient.

Epidemiological features, resistance genes, and clones among community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CO-MRSA) isolates detected in northern Spain.

Twenty-nine community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CO-MRSA) isolates were prospectively selected according to epidemiological criteria among 374 MRSA isolates collected in our laboratory during 2009-2010 in order to determine which community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) clones are circulating in the community in northern Spain. PVL genes were detected in 5 strains (17.2%) that belonged to SCCmec type IV or V and to the agr group I (ST8 and ST2050), agr group II (ST121), and agr group III (ST30 and ST852). These strains were isolated from patients with different clinical manifestations such as urinary tract infection, abscess, or pneumonia, and most of them belonged to emergency department patients with no history of visits to General Practitioners (GPs) in the year before the isolation. We considered that the prevalence of CA-MRSA in community-onset isolates was low (17.2%). A high proportion of the CO-MRSA strains (58.6%) were ST125-MRSA-IVc (CC5), responsible for most of the infections caused by HA-MRSA strains in Spain. This endemic clone is also circulating in the community of northern Spain as we could demonstrate in this study. Antimicrobial resistance was found in spa type t067 isolates linked to the presence of ant(4')-Ia and msr(A). Most of the CO-MRSA isolates in this study corresponded to spa types more associated to the hospital environment, suggesting the interchange of genetic lineages of MRSA among community and hospital niches.

Descripción de cuatro casos de histoplasmosis importada en Navarra / Imported histoplasmosis in Navarra: presentation of four cases

Objetivo. La histoplasmosis es una infección fúngica causada por el hongo dimórfico Histoplasma capsulatum. En los últimos años, su incidencia en Espa¿na ha aumentado debido, principalmente, a la mayor presencia de población inmigrante procedente de América y al incremento de viajes a dicho continente por turismo o cooperación. Nuestro objetivo ha sido revisar las características clínicas de los casos de histoplasmosis diagnosticados en nuestro centro en los últimos 6 años. Casos clínicos. Se diagnosticaron 4 casos pertenecientes a 4 pacientes de origen sudamericano, 3 de los cuales eran VIH positivos y 1 diagnosticado de dermatomiositis y en tratamiento con fármacos inmunosupresores. El diagnóstico de laboratorio se llevó a cabo mediante estudio anatomopatológico y microbiológico, mediante cultivo y PCR específica directa de la muestra. Discusión. Al tratarse de una infección importada es necesario tener un alto índice de sospecha y realizar una anamnesis detallada, para llegar a su diagnóstico. Es una infección a tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial del síndrome febril en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, tanto VIH positivos como en tratamiento inmunosupresor, que sean originarios de zonas endémicas o que tengan antecedentes de estancia en ellas(AU)

Objetive. Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungi Histoplasma capsulatum. Its incidence in Spain has increased in recent years, mainly due to the increased presence of immigrants from Latin America and increased travel to the continent for tourism and cooperation. Our aim was to review the clinical characteristics of cases of histoplasmosis diagnosed in our hospital during the last six years. Case Reports. We diagnosed 4 cases from 4 patients from South America, 3 ofwhomwere HIV positive and 1 diagnosed with dermatomyositis was treated with immunosuppressive drugs. The laboratory diagnosis was carried out by histological and microbiological study, by culture and specific PCR directly on the sample. Discussion. As it is an imported infection there needs to be a high level of suspicion and a detailed history taken to get a diagnosis. This infection requires a differential diagnosis between febrile syndrome in immunosuppressed patients, both HIV positive and immunosuppressive therapy, which originate from endemic areas, or who have a history of staying in them(AU)

[Imported histoplasmosis in Navarra: presentation of four cases]. / Descripción de cuatro casos de histoplasmosis importada en Navarra.

OBJECTIVE: Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungi Histoplasma capsulatum. Its incidence in Spain has increased in recent years, mainly due to the increased presence of immigrants from Latin America and increased travel to the continent for tourism and cooperation. Our aim was to review the clinical characteristics of cases of histoplasmosis diagnosed in our hospital during the last six years. CASE REPORTS: We diagnosed 4 cases from 4 patients from South America, 3 of whom were HIV positive and 1 diagnosed with dermatomyositis was treated with immunosuppressive drugs. The laboratory diagnosis was carried out by histological and microbiological study, by culture and specific PCR directly on the sample. DISCUSSION: As it is an imported infection there needs to be a high level of suspicion and a detailed history taken to get a diagnosis. This infection requires a differential diagnosis between febrile syndrome in immunosuppressed patients, both HIV positive and immunosuppressive therapy, which originate from endemic areas, or who have a history of staying in them.